Kyphosis

INFORMATION

Kyphosis is the dorsal curvature of the spine. Physiologically kyphotic bent is the thoracic segment and the sacral segment of the spine. The normal angle of flexion of the thoracic segment is in the range of about 20-40 degrees. A bend of more than 50 degrees is considered pathological. Kyphosis most often affects the thoracic segment of the spine, however, it can also appear in the cervical or lumbar segments.

Kyphosis can develop in the course of metabolic problems, neuromuscular diseases, spina bifida, osteoporotic fractures, trauma or disc prolapse. Congenital kyphosis is called kyphosis that occurs at birth. Sheuermann's kyphosis (or Scheuermann's disease) is kyphosis that develops after birth.

Symptoms depend on the severity of the kyphosis - starting with changes in the appearance of the back and the entire body posture and back pain, and ending with neurological complaints. The bending of the spine can cause pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots, manifesting as weakness in the limbs. In addition, respiratory problems associated with chest deformity and lung compression can occur.

Diagnosis begins with taking a family history and family history of the disease and accompanying symptoms. Then, on physical examination, spinal mobility, muscle strength and sensation are checked to exclude diseases that produce similar symptoms. In addition, imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans, MRIs) are recommended, based on which relevant measurements can be taken.

TREATMENT

Depending on age and severity of symptoms, conservative or surgical treatment may be used.

Conservative treatment is usually the first choice of management. Rehabilitation, home exercises, wearing a brace or corset are used. Physical therapy helps strengthen the muscles and mobility of the spine. In the case of osteoporotic kyphosis, the progression of the disease should be delayed through the use of vitamin D supplementation, calcium, hormone replacement therapy and exercise.

Surgical treatment is used only in patients with severe, unresponsive deformity, where the potential benefits of surgery outweigh the risks. The goal of surgery is to straighten the spine by fusing the vertebrae together, reducing the deformity.