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Multiple cartilaginous exostoses (MHE - multiple hereditary exostoses) is a very rare disease in which, due to congenital predisposition, cartilaginous exostoses appear on long bones (mainly in the femur and lower leg). They are classified as benign tumors of cartilaginous tissue that also produce bone tissue. Limb length discrepancy is often observed in MHE patients. [...]

Equinus foot - the second most common congenital defect in children after hip dislocation. It can also be an acquired defect, secondary to external forces or neuromuscular disorders. It is a complex deformity of the foot, which is characterized by excessive hollowing of the longitudinal arch of the foot (the foot looks as if it is "broken" in half), adduction of the foot (pointing inward), myelopathy of the heel (the foot [...]

CPT (congenital pseudatrhrosis of tibia), or congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia, is a type of disorder involving bending of the bone that leads to fracture and formation of a pseudarthrosis joint. In the place where two bone fragments should fuse, their mobile joint, or joint, is formed (however, this is pathological mobility). Congenital pseudarthrosis of the bone [...].

Fibular hemimelia (FH) is the most common congenital longitudinal defect of the lower extremities. It occurs between 1 in 50,000-135,000 births. In fibular hemimelia, symptoms include the absence of the fibula or part of the fibula. There are also differences in limb length, foot deformities and knee deformities. Fibular hemimelia is a condition whose causes are unknown, but studies have shown [...]

Tibial hemimelia (TH) is an extremely rare condition, occurring in 1 in 1,000,000 live births. It can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound (ultrasound) as early as 16 weeks of pregnancy. Tibial hemimelia includes symptoms such as a shortened lower limb with deformities of the ankles (sometimes the feet as well) and knees, which, due to the lack of [...]

Congenital Femoral Deficiency (CFD) is a rare birth defect in which there is shortening of the femur, accompanied by hip and knee deformity, movement deficits and instability. As a result, the child has problems with mobility and stability. Congenital femoral underdevelopment is usually unilateral, although it can also occur bilaterally. The earlier name of the syndrome in question [...]