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INFORMATION A missing thumb or "thumb aplasia" is a complete absence of the thumb. Some patients may have a hypoplastic thumb or "floating thumb." In these patients, their thumb lacks the metacarpal bone and associated muscles and tendons. The thumb is attached only through the skin. Congenital hypoplasia of the thumb is often associated with partial or complete absence of the radius bone. It occurs in 1:100 [...]

Radial bone deficiency is an upper limb disorder with an estimated frequency of 1:30,000 - 1:100,000 live births. It is an extremely rare condition in which there are functional deficits resulting from the partial or complete absence of the radius bone. Congenital underdevelopment of the radius bone manifests as deformity of the hand and wrist, deviation of the wrist, decreased grip strength, deformity or shortening of the forearm [...]

One of the most common diseases of the hip joint in childhood is slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). It involves the separation of a portion of the femoral head at the level of the growth cartilage, which is usually caused by circulation disorders in the cartilage area or trauma to the hip joint. The incidence of juvenile scaphoid [...]

Osteochondrodysplasia is a disease characterized by an abnormal structure of the skeletal system. It results from abnormal growth, development and differentiation of bones and cartilage. Osteochondrodysplasias have a genetic basis and occur in 1 in 5,000 live births. Osteochondrodysplasia manifests as low height in childhood and disproportions in body structure (except for dysplasias associated with disorders of bone mineralization, where [...]

Multiple cartilaginous exostoses (MHE - multiple hereditary exostoses) is a very rare disease in which, due to congenital predisposition, cartilaginous exostoses appear on long bones (mainly in the femur and lower leg). They are classified as benign tumors of cartilaginous tissue that also produce bone tissue. Limb length discrepancy is often observed in MHE patients. [...]

Equinus foot - the second most common congenital defect in children after hip dislocation. It can also be an acquired defect, secondary to external forces or neuromuscular disorders. It is a complex deformity of the foot, which is characterized by excessive hollowing of the longitudinal arch of the foot (the foot looks as if it is "broken" in half), adduction of the foot (pointing inward), myelopathy of the heel (the foot [...]